Research Status and Development Trend of Smart Grid
ZHANG Wen-liang,LIU Zhuang-zhi,WANG Ming-jun,YANG Xu-sheng
(China Electric Power Research Institute,Haidian District,Beijing 100192,China)
ABSTRACT: The future development trend of electric power grid is smart grid, which include such features as flexible, clean,secure, economic, friendly and so on. The concept and function characteristics of smart grid are introduced in this paper firstly;then the progress of research on smart grid home and abroad as
well as the relation between key technologies and smart gird are analyzed in detail, and it is pointed out that the Agent based distributed cooperation, control, simulation and decision-making, system integeration of distributed enengy,knowledge based comprehensive decision support are the key development trend of smart grid in future. The construction of smart grids in China is a very complicated system engineering,
for this reason some concrete suggestions are made, such as fully taking advantages of integrated management, carrying out architectural design of smart grids in China; drafting pilot plans and implementation schemes; coordinating secure and economic operation of power generation, transmission and distribution; paying special attention to theoretical and technological innovation and application; overall considering the planning, construction, renovation and technology upgrating of power grid, to push the research and construction of smart grid in China actively and orderly.
KEY WORDS: smart grid;distributed energy resource;multi-agent technology;knowledge based decision support
摘要:具有靈活、清潔、安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)、友好等性能的智能電網(wǎng)是未來(lái)電網(wǎng)的發(fā)展方向。首先介紹了智能電網(wǎng)的概念和功能特點(diǎn),詳細(xì)分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外智能電網(wǎng)的研究進(jìn)展,對(duì)重點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)與智能電網(wǎng)的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了分析和討論,指出基于Agent 的分布式協(xié)調(diào)、控制、仿真與決策技術(shù),分布式能的系統(tǒng)集成以及基于知識(shí)的綜合決策支持是未來(lái)智能電網(wǎng)技術(shù)發(fā)展的重要方向。中國(guó)特色智能電網(wǎng)的建設(shè)是一項(xiàng)高度復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程,為此文章提出了積極有序地推進(jìn)智能電網(wǎng)研究及建設(shè)的具體建議,包括:發(fā)揮一體化管理優(yōu)勢(shì);開(kāi)展我國(guó)智能電網(wǎng)架構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì);制定試點(diǎn)方案及實(shí)施計(jì)劃;發(fā)輸配用電的協(xié)調(diào)安全與經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行;注重理論和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與應(yīng)用;統(tǒng)籌考慮電網(wǎng)規(guī)劃、建設(shè)、改造和技術(shù)升級(jí)等。
關(guān)鍵詞:智能電網(wǎng);分布式能源;多Agent 技術(shù);基于知識(shí)的決策支持
0 引言
隨著全球資源環(huán)境壓力的不斷增大,社會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)、節(jié)能減排和可持續(xù)性發(fā)展的要求日益提高。同時(shí),電力市場(chǎng)化進(jìn)程的不斷推進(jìn)以及用戶(hù)對(duì)電能可靠性和質(zhì)量要求的不斷提升,要求未來(lái)的電網(wǎng)必須能夠提供更加安全、可靠、清潔、優(yōu)質(zhì)的電力供應(yīng),能夠適應(yīng)多種能源類(lèi)型發(fā)電方式的需要,能夠更加適應(yīng)高度市場(chǎng)化的電力交易的需要,能夠更加適應(yīng)客戶(hù)的自主選擇需要,進(jìn)一步提高龐大的電網(wǎng)資產(chǎn)利用效率和效益,提供更加優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)。為此,以美國(guó)和歐盟為代表的不同國(guó)家和組織不約而同地提出要建設(shè)靈活、清潔、安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)、友好的智能電網(wǎng),將智能電網(wǎng)視為未來(lái)電網(wǎng)的發(fā)展方向。
2009 年美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬上任伊始,就提出了以智能電網(wǎng)為核心的美國(guó)能源戰(zhàn)略。奧巴馬政府把減少碳排放作為國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略,逐步建立碳排放交易體系,實(shí)施溫室氣體總量控制:一是大力發(fā)展可再生能源,加強(qiáng)用戶(hù)側(cè)管理,減少能源進(jìn)口總量,保障國(guó)家能源安全;二是以建設(shè)智能電網(wǎng)為載體,實(shí)施新能源產(chǎn)業(yè)戰(zhàn)略,實(shí)現(xiàn)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)振興,積極應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變暖和國(guó)際金融危機(jī);三是通過(guò)聯(lián)邦經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激計(jì)劃等手段,對(duì)符合國(guó)家智能電網(wǎng)發(fā)展目標(biāo)的企業(yè)給予資金支持和補(bǔ)貼,引導(dǎo)企業(yè)在國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)框架內(nèi)開(kāi)展智能電網(wǎng)研究與實(shí)踐。2009 年4 月16日美國(guó)政府公布智能電網(wǎng)技術(shù)投資計(jì)劃,希望推動(dòng)智能電網(wǎng)的開(kāi)發(fā),將劃撥34 億USD 用于智能電網(wǎng)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā),劃撥6.15 億USD 用于智能電網(wǎng)的演示項(xiàng)目,經(jīng)認(rèn)定后的智能電網(wǎng)示范項(xiàng)目,國(guó)家可給予上限達(dá)50%的項(xiàng)目補(bǔ)貼。
進(jìn)入21 世紀(jì)以來(lái),我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速發(fā)展,電力需求快速增長(zhǎng)。作為一次能源的最大使用者,電力行業(yè)在減少溫室氣體排放、降低氣候影響等方面更具有義不容辭的責(zé)任。這對(duì)于中國(guó)尤為重要。2008 年,中國(guó)的溫室氣體總排量居世界第二,在全世界污染最嚴(yán)重的前20 個(gè)城市中,中國(guó)占了16 個(gè);此外,我國(guó)每年受火電廢氣排放帶來(lái)的酸雨影響,直接損失過(guò)千億元。開(kāi)展節(jié)能減排,建設(shè)“資源節(jié)約型,環(huán)境友好型”社會(huì)就成為我國(guó)一項(xiàng)十分緊迫的任務(wù)。另外,隨著數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)和IT 時(shí)代的發(fā)展,電力消費(fèi)者對(duì)于供電可靠性、電能質(zhì)量和電力服務(wù)的要求越來(lái)越高。尤其在當(dāng)前全球金融危機(jī)蔓延亟需提振經(jīng)濟(jì)的局勢(shì)下,加快電力生產(chǎn)、輸送和消費(fèi)方式的轉(zhuǎn)變,推動(dòng)電力行業(yè)發(fā)展模式的轉(zhuǎn)變,帶動(dòng)相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展就成為了具有全社會(huì)性的問(wèn)題。為此,在2009 年5 月20—22 日召開(kāi)的特高壓輸電技術(shù)國(guó)際會(huì)議上,國(guó)家電網(wǎng)公司提了要建設(shè)國(guó)際領(lǐng)先、中國(guó)特色的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)智能電網(wǎng)。
盡管智能電網(wǎng)的研究與實(shí)踐尚處于起步階段,但是建設(shè)智能電網(wǎng)已經(jīng)成為世界電力行
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